The kanji 敗 primarily signifies "defeat," "failure," or "beaten." It implies losing in a competition, contest, or struggle. It can also extend to the concept of being ruined or overcome.

・On-yomi (音読み): ・Hai (ハイ) ・Kun-yomi (訓読み): ・Yabureru (やぶれる) - to be defeated; to be ruined; to be torn

⚫︎ 敗北 Translation: Defeat; Failure ⚫︎ 敗戦 Translation: Defeat in war; Losing a battle ⚫︎ 失敗 Translation: Failure; Mistake (though more commonly written as 失敗)

I am sorry, but I do not have sufficient information to reliably identify the correspondence of the origin of the kanji 敗 between Japanese and Vietnamese.

The kanji 敗 is a phono-semantic compound (形声文字, keisei moji). The left side is a part of the character that means "to strike" or "to hit". The right side, the character is 貝which means "shell" or "treasure". The overall meaning of 敗 is "to destroy treasure" or "to destroy wealth", thus referring to losing or being defeated. This character has evolved over time.