The kanji 胡 primarily signifies "barbarian" or "foreign." It historically referred to nomadic peoples, particularly those from Central Asia, often associated with the areas beyond the borders of ancient China. Over time, it came to represent anything foreign or exotic. It can also be used as a surname.

・On-yomi (音読み): コ (ko) ・Kun-yomi (訓読み): None, or rarely used as a stand-alone Kun-yomi.

⚫︎胡椒 (こしょう - koshou) Translation: Pepper (literally, "foreign spice") ⚫︎胡弓 (こきゅう - kokyuu) Translation: A traditional Japanese stringed instrument, similar to a violin, but with a bowed string. ⚫︎胡麻 (ごま - goma) Translation: Sesame (literally, "foreign hemp")

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The kanji 胡 is a pictophonetic character. The left side is a part called “月” (moon, also indicating flesh or body) and the right side is "古" (old). The exact meaning of the combination is debated. The meaning as "barbarian" likely comes from the sound association of the phonetic component, as "古" also carries a phonetic function, and it's use for a foreign people. Over time, it evolved to represent anything "foreign" or "non-Chinese." The use of "月" may have symbolized something distant, or of a different appearance.