さとうさんはかぜをひいたので休みます。
- Mr. Sato will rest because he caught a cold.
This Japanese sentence "さとうさんはかぜをひいたので休みます。" means "Mr. Sato will rest because he caught a cold." in English. It is an N4 Mid-level example sentence.
Words Contained
AI Explanation
さとうさんはかぜをひいたので休みます。 meaning: Mr. Sato will take a rest because he caught a cold.
⚫︎ The sentence follows a Subject-Topic-Object-Verb structure in Japanese, although the subject can sometimes be omitted if it's clear from the context. ⚫︎ さとうさん (Mr. Sato) is the subject of the sentence. ⚫︎ The particle は (wa) marks the topic of the sentence. In this case, it indicates what the sentence is about (Mr. Sato). ⚫︎ かぜ (cold) is the object of the verb ひいた (caught). ⚫︎ The particle を (o) marks the direct object. ⚫︎ ので (node) is a conjunctive particle indicating "because" or "since". It links the reason (Mr. Sato caught a cold) to the result (he will rest). ⚫︎ The verb 休みます (yasumimasu) means "will rest" and is the verb indicating the action in the main clause.
⚫︎ The verb ひく (hiku) is a godan verb (group 1 verb) meaning "to catch (a cold)". It changes to ひいた (hiita), which is the past tense form of the verb. ⚫︎ The verb 休みます (yasumimasu) is the polite form (-masu form) of the verb 休む (yasumu) meaning "to rest" or "to take a break". The dictionary form is used to look up the verb. ⚫︎ This sentence uses the polite form to show respect to the listener.
⚫︎ ので (node) connects two clauses, showing a reason or cause-and-effect relationship. ⚫︎ It is placed after a plain form (dictionary form or past tense) verb or adjective. ⚫︎ In this sentence, it connects さとうさんはかぜをひいた (Mr. Sato caught a cold) with 休みます (will rest), showing the reason for resting. ⚫︎ Other conjunctional phrases include から (kara) and から is interchangeable with ので in some cases. However, ので tends to imply more natural result.
⚫︎ かぜ (kaze) means "cold". ⚫︎ を (o) marks the direct object. ⚫︎ ひく (hiku) means "to catch" (in this context, a cold). ⚫︎ The entire phrase かぜをひく (kaze o hiku) means "to catch a cold".
⚫︎ Japanese has several levels of politeness. The -ます (-masu) form is a polite form of verbs. ⚫︎ It is used in daily conversation to show respect to the listener. ⚫︎ The dictionary form of the verb is changed to the -ます form to express politeness. For example, 休む (yasumu, to rest) becomes 休みます (yasumimasu, will rest).