下がります（さがります、sagarimasu）
- to go down

The Japanese verb 下がります means "to go down," "to decrease," "to fall," "to drop," or "to decline." It describes a change in position, level, amount, or value from a higher point to a lower point. The subject of this verb is what is decreasing or falling. It can also refer to a retreat or backing down. The meaning of 下がります depends heavily on the context in which it's used. The literal meaning of 下がります is 下がる which is "to go down".

⚫︎気温が下がります。 Translation: The temperature goes down. ⚫︎株価が下がります。 Translation: The stock price falls. ⚫︎商品の値段が下がります。 Translation: The price of the product decreases.

⚫︎You would use 下がります to describe a decrease in temperature, such as when the weather gets colder. ⚫︎You can also use it to discuss a drop in prices, the value of something, or the quality of something. ⚫︎You would use 下がりました, the past tense form, to describe something that has already gone down or decreased. ⚫︎In business, it could be used for a decline in sales or profit. ⚫︎In situations such as a fight, it could also be used to mean to back down.

⚫︎The word is typically written as 下がります using the kanji 下 (meaning "down") and hiragana がり ます(the verb ending). ⚫︎The stem of the verb is 下がり. ⚫︎The okurigana (hiragana attached to the kanji) is usually がります. The okurigana is essential to properly conjugate the verb.

⚫︎落ちます (ochimasu) - to fall, to drop (more literal) ⚫︎減ります (herimasu) - to decrease, to diminish (referring to a decrease in quantity) ⚫︎低下します (teikashimasu) - to decline, to fall (more formal) ⚫︎減少します (genshoushimasu) - to decrease, to reduce (also formal)

⚫︎上がります (agarimasu) - to go up, to rise, to increase. This is the direct opposite of 下がります. ⚫︎増えます (fuemasu) - to increase, to multiply ⚫︎高くなります (takaku narimasu) - to become higher, to increase in price

今日の気温は昨日より下がります。 ・Translation: The temperature today will be lower than yesterday. ・Explanation: This sentence uses 下がります to describe a decrease in temperature compared to the previous day.

彼は試合から下がりました。 ・Translation: He stepped back from the match. ・Explanation: This sentence uses the past tense of 下がります to indicate that the person retreated from the game.

⚫︎The kanji 下 (shita, ka, or ge) means "below," "down," or "under." ⚫︎The verb stem is likely derived from the concept of movement or direction downwards. ⚫︎The suffix -がります is a standard verb ending that indicates a state or action.