学力（がくりょく、gakuryoく）
- academic ability

The Japanese word 学力 (がくりょく) generally translates to "academic ability," "scholastic ability," or "intellectual ability." It refers to a person's capability to learn, understand, and apply knowledge, typically within an educational context. It encompasses a broad range of skills and knowledge acquired through studying and education. 学力 reflects a person's aptitude for learning and performing well in academic settings. It considers the student's overall understanding of subjects taught, ability to solve problems, and capacity for critical thinking.

⚫︎ 彼女の学力は高い。 Translation: Her academic ability is high. ⚫︎ 試験で学力を試す。 Translation: To test one's academic ability on the exam.

You can use 学力 when discussing a person's abilities related to school or learning. It is often used to describe someone's performance in school, their potential for academic achievement, or to talk about ways to improve learning. It is common to use this word when talking about schools, education systems, and how students are evaluated.

学力 is primarily written in kanji as 学力 (がくりょく). The hiragana spelling (がくりょく) is used when the kanji is unknown or for beginners. There is no variation in okurigana.

⚫︎ 知力 (ちりょく) - Intellect, intelligence ⚫︎ 能力 (のうりょく) - Ability, capability ⚫︎ 知識 (ちしき) - Knowledge

⚫︎ 無能 (むのう) - Incompetence, inability ⚫︎ 知力不足 (ちりょくぶそく) - Lack of intelligence/intellectual ability

彼は高い学力を持っているため、難関大学に合格した。 ・Translation: Because he has high academic ability, he passed the difficult university entrance exam. ・Explanation: This sentence describes how someone's 学力 enabled them to achieve a certain goal, specifically, getting into a good university.

学校は生徒の学力を向上させるために様々な教育方法を試している。 ・Translation: Schools are trying various teaching methods to improve students' academic ability. ・Explanation: This sentence illustrates how schools work to improve the students' 学力.

The word 学力 is a compound word. 学 (gaku) means "study," "learning," or "school." 力 (ryoku) means "power," "ability," or "strength." Thus, the combination of these two kanji, 学力, literally means "the power/ability of learning."