悲惨な（ひさんな、hisanna）
- miserable

悲惨な means "tragic," "miserable," "disastrous," or "deplorable." It describes a situation or event that causes great suffering, unhappiness, and often involves loss or destruction. It conveys a strong sense of pity and sorrow. The word emphasizes the severity and the negative impact of the situation.

⚫︎悲惨な事故 Translation: A tragic accident ⚫︎戦争は悲惨な結果をもたらした。 Translation: The war brought about tragic consequences. ⚫︎彼の人生は悲惨だった。 Translation: His life was miserable.

Use [悲惨な] to describe events, situations, or conditions characterized by suffering, hardship, or great sorrow. It is a more formal and emotionally charged word than some other adjectives like 悪い (warui - bad) or 大変な (taihenna - difficult/tough). You can use it when you want to express a strong feeling of pity or disapproval about something very unfortunate. You can use this word for both objective situations and subjective experiences.

The word is typically written as: ⚫︎ Kanji: 悲惨な ⚫︎ Hiragana: ひさんな Katakana is generally not used for native Japanese words like this. The okurigana (送りがな) is part of the adjective; the "な" ending signifies that it's a "na-adjective" (also known as a "no-adjective" or "adjectival noun"), which is used to modify nouns. Variations in the okurigana are not typical.

Some synonyms of [悲惨な] include: ⚫︎ 惨劇 (sangeki) - tragedy, disaster ⚫︎ 不幸な (fukōna) - unfortunate ⚫︎ 痛ましい (itamashii) - pathetic, distressing ⚫︎ 気の毒な (kinodokuna) - pitiful, poor ⚫︎ 悲しい (kanashii) - sad ⚫︎ 酷い (hidoi) - cruel, terrible ⚫︎ 凄惨な (seisanna) - gruesome, atrocious (often used for violent scenes)

Some antonyms of [悲惨な] include: ⚫︎ 幸せな (shiawase na) - happy, fortunate ⚫︎ 喜ばしい (yorokobashii) - joyful, pleasing ⚫︎ めでたい (medetai) - happy, auspicious ⚫︎ 素晴らしい (subarashii) - wonderful, fantastic ⚫︎ 平和な (heiwa na) - peaceful

地震の後、街は悲惨な状況だった。 ・Translation: After the earthquake, the city was in a tragic situation. ・Explanation: This sentence uses 悲惨な to describe the devastating condition of the city after the earthquake, highlighting the suffering and destruction.

その映画は悲惨な結末だった。 ・Translation: The movie had a tragic ending. ・Explanation: This example describes the ending of a movie as 悲惨な, implying that it was a deeply sorrowful or unfortunate conclusion.

The word [悲惨な] is derived from the kanji 悲 (hi), meaning "grief" or "sorrow," and 惨 (san), meaning "miserable," "cruel," or "wretched." The "な" is the adjectival ending. The combination of the two characters creates a word that fully encapsulates the meaning of a tragic, disastrous, or miserable state.