改正（かいせい、kaiseい）
- revision

The Japanese word 改正, read as かいせい, means "amendment," "revision," "reform," or "to revise," "to amend," or "to correct" something, usually referring to laws, regulations, or documents. It implies making changes to improve or update something that already exists. It signifies a modification with the intention of making something better, clearer, or more suitable. The action 改正 itself focuses on making changes to existing structure.

⚫︎法律を改正する。 Translation: To revise a law. ⚫︎憲法改正案 Translation: A constitutional amendment bill. ⚫︎条例の改正 Translation: Revision of an ordinance.

⚫︎改正 is commonly used in formal contexts, such as official documents, legal proceedings, and news reports. ⚫︎ It is appropriate when discussing changes to rules, policies, or official texts. ⚫︎ Use this word when discussing the process of changing something or the outcome of having made a change. ⚫︎ You can use the noun 改正 to refer to the act of amending something. You can also use it as a verb, such as 〜を改正する (“to revise/amend ~”).

⚫︎ The word 改正 is typically written in kanji. ⚫︎ The reading is かいせい (hiragana). ⚫︎ There is no other common way to write it. ⚫︎ The okurigana (送りがな) is necessary. The okurigana is せ when used as a verb.

⚫︎修正 (しゅうせい) - correction, amendment ⚫︎変更 (へんこう) - change, alteration ⚫︎改定 (かいてい) - revision, review (of prices, regulations, etc.)

⚫︎廃止 (はいし) - abolition, repeal ⚫︎制定 (せいてい) - enactment, establishment (of a new law, etc.) ⚫︎撤回 (てっかい) - withdrawal, revocation

政府は税制の改正を発表した。 ・Translation: The government announced a tax system revision. ・Explanation: This sentence describes the government's action of revising the tax system.

この法律は来年改正される予定です。 ・Translation: This law is scheduled to be revised next year. ・Explanation: This sentence indicates that the law will undergo revisions in the future.

The word 改正 is a combination of two kanji: 改 (かい) which means "to change" or "to reform," and 正 (せい) which means "correct" or "proper." Thus, the meaning of 改正 is literally "to correct by changing" or "to reform".