強制（きょうせい、kyousei）
- compulsion

The Japanese word 強制 ([強制]) means "coercion," "compulsion," "enforcement," or "force." It implies making someone do something against their will or without their consent, often through the use of pressure, threats, or legal authority. The action is usually not voluntary and the subject has limited or no choice in the matter. It can also refer to the act of forcing something to happen or being made to do something. This word encompasses different shades of meaning depending on the context, from legal implications to interpersonal dynamics. It implies a lack of freedom or autonomy on the part of the person or entity being 強制ed.

⚫︎強制送還 Translation: Deportation ⚫︎強制労働 Translation: Forced labor ⚫︎強制参加 Translation: Compulsory participation

⚫︎You would use 強制 ([強制]) when you want to describe a situation where someone or something is being compelled or forced to do something. ⚫︎It's common in legal contexts, describing actions like mandatory requirements or court orders. ⚫︎It can also apply in interpersonal relationships where one person uses pressure or power over another. ⚫︎Be mindful of the situation and the level of coercion being described, especially as it might relate to human rights or ethical considerations.

⚫︎強制 ([強制]) is typically written with the kanji 強制, but can be written in hiragana as きょうせい. ⚫︎The okurigana (hiragana added to the kanji) is usually just 強制. ⚫︎Katakana is not a common way of writing this word.

⚫︎強要（きょうよう） - Demand, coercion, extortion ⚫︎強いる（しいる） - To force, to compel ⚫︎迫る（せまる） - To urge, to press ⚫︎義務（ぎむ）- Duty, obligation (can imply compulsion in some cases) ⚫︎強制力（きょうせいりょく） - Binding force; enforceability.

⚫︎任意（にんい） - Voluntary, optional ⚫︎自由（じゆう） - Freedom ⚫︎自発的（じはつてき） - Voluntary, spontaneous ⚫︎許可（きょか） - Permission

彼は上司に、顧客との契約を強制された。 ・Translation: He was forced by his boss to sign the contract with the client. ・Explanation: The subject was made to do something against his will, due to the pressure from his superior.

政府は国民にワクチン接種を強制しないと発表した。 ・Translation: The government announced that they would not mandate vaccination for the citizens. ・Explanation: This sentence describes the government's decision not to use coercion or force to make people get vaccinated.

The kanji 強 ([強制]) means "strong," "force," or "compel," and the kanji 制 ([強制]) means "system," "rule," or "control." Therefore, 強制 ([強制]) combines the concepts of using force or strength to establish control or impose a rule. It originally came from classical Chinese, and then was adopted into the Japanese language.