塗料（とりょう、toryou）
- paint / coating

The Japanese word 塗料 (とりょう - toryou) refers to "paint," "coating," or "lacquer." It encompasses any substance applied to a surface to provide color, protection, or other decorative or functional properties. This includes a wide range of products, from house paint to industrial coatings. ⚫︎ It is a broad term that covers various types of paints and finishes.

⚫︎ ペンキ塗料 Translation: Paint ⚫︎ 木材塗料 Translation: Wood coating/paint ⚫︎ 自動車塗料 Translation: Car paint

塗料 is used in various contexts, from describing the materials used in construction to detailing the finishes on everyday objects. You'd use it when discussing painting, coating processes, or the properties of different types of finishes. It is a common word, especially in the construction, manufacturing, and design industries. ⚫︎ It's suitable for both formal and informal conversations, depending on the context.

塗料 is typically written with the kanji 塗 (to - to apply, to paint) and 料 (ryou - materials, ingredients). The hiragana reading is とりょう. There are no significant variations in okurigana.

There aren't many direct synonyms, as 塗料 is a broad term. However, depending on the context, you might use: ⚫︎ ペンキ (penki) - Paint (often specifically for house painting) ⚫︎ 塗装 (tosou) - Painting/Coating (can be used as a noun or a verb)

There isn't a direct antonym for 塗料. Instead, you might refer to the absence of paint or coating, or to the underlying surface before application.

この壁は新しい塗料で塗られています。 ・Translation: This wall is painted with new paint. ・Explanation: This sentence uses 塗料 to describe the application of paint to a wall.

その家具には高品質な塗料が使われています。 ・Translation: High-quality paint is used on that furniture. ・Explanation: This sentence focuses on the quality of the paint used on a piece of furniture.

The word 塗料 is a compound word. 塗 (to) means "to paint" or "to apply," and 料 (ryou) means "material" or "ingredient." Therefore, 塗料 essentially means "painting material" or "coating material".