申告（しんこく、shinkoku）
- declaration

The Japanese word 申告 (しんこく, shinkoku) generally means "declaration," "reporting," or "filing." It refers to the act of officially informing an authority, usually the government, about something. This could be about income, taxes, a situation, or an event. The core idea is to formally and officially state something for record or official action. The specific meaning depends on the context, but the common element is a formal announcement or report.

⚫︎所得税の申告 Translation: Income tax declaration ⚫︎事件を警察に申告する Translation: To report the incident to the police ⚫︎病気の症状を医者に申告する Translation: To report the symptoms of an illness to a doctor

⚫︎ 申告 is used in formal situations. ⚫︎ It is often used when dealing with official bodies such as the tax office, police, or medical professionals. ⚫︎ The word is usually paired with a verb like する (suru, to do) to form phrases like 申告する (shinkoku suru, to declare/report/file). ⚫︎ While less frequently, it can be used on its own, implying the act of reporting or declaring.

⚫︎ The standard way to write this word is 申告 using the kanji. ⚫︎ The reading is しんこく in hiragana. ⚫︎ It's not typically written in katakana. ⚫︎ There are no variations in the okurigana in this word.

⚫︎ 届け出 (todokedē, notification/report) - More general than 申告 and can be used in a wider array of situations. ⚫︎ 報告 (hōkoku, report/reporting) - Commonly used in business and general situations. Less official than 申告 in many cases. ⚫︎ 表明 (hyōmei, declaration/statement) - Often used for expressing one's intentions or views, but does not always imply official reporting.

There aren't direct antonyms because 申告 describes an action. However, the opposite of the action might include: ⚫︎ 隠蔽 (inpei, concealment/cover-up) - This is the act of hiding something, which is the opposite of reporting it. ⚫︎ Failure to report.

来年の所得税の申告は、2月16日から3月15日までです。 ・Translation: The income tax declaration for next year is from February 16th to March 15th. ・Explanation: This sentence explains the period during which income tax declarations must be filed.

事件の被害者は警察に被害を申告した。 ・Translation: The victim of the incident reported the damage to the police. ・Explanation: This example shows the usage of 申告 in the context of reporting a crime to the police.

⚫︎ 申告 is a compound word. ⚫︎ 申 (mōsu) means to say, to declare, or to state. ⚫︎ 告 (tsu.geru) means to inform, to tell, or to announce. ⚫︎ Therefore, the word literally means "to say and announce," or to make a formal statement.