躾（しつけ、shitsuke）
- discipline/training

The Japanese word 躾躾 (しつけ, *shitsuke*) refers to the process of training, discipline, and proper upbringing, particularly with regards to manners, behavior, and etiquette. It encompasses teaching someone, often a child, to behave in a socially acceptable way. This includes instilling good habits, manners, and a sense of responsibility. The goal of 躾躾 is to cultivate a well-mannered individual who can navigate social situations effectively. It's about shaping a person's character and ensuring they understand and adhere to societal norms. It can also extend to training pets or other animals.

⚫︎子供の 躾 は重要です。 Translation: The upbringing of children is important. ⚫︎犬の 躾 をしなければなりません。 Translation: You must train the dog. ⚫︎彼女は 躾 がなっていない。 Translation: She has no manners.

You use 躾躾 in situations where you are talking about training, upbringing, or disciplining someone or something (like a pet). It's commonly used in discussions about child-rearing, education, and social conduct. The word implies a positive connotation, focusing on the development of good habits and appropriate behavior. It can be a noun, referring to the act of training itself or the result of that training. It can also function as a verb, though the verb form is less common.

躾躾 is primarily written using the kanji 躾. The reading is *shitsuke*. The word is rarely written in katakana. Hiragana is used to write its reading (しつけ).

⚫︎教育（きょういく, *kyouiku*): Education, upbringing ⚫︎訓練（くんれん, *kunren*): Training ⚫︎しつけけつけ（*shitsuke-keitsuke*): An almost identical word used often in child upbringing. ⚫︎行儀（ぎょうぎ, *gyougi*): Manners, behavior.

There aren't direct antonyms, but words reflecting the absence of 躾躾 or negative behaviors could include: ⚫︎無作法（ぶさほう, *busahou*): Rude, ill-mannered ⚫︎乱暴（らんぼう, *ranbou*): Violent, rough ⚫︎わがまま（わがまま, *wagamama*): Selfish

親は子供に 躾 をしなければならない。 ・Translation: Parents must discipline their children. ・Explanation: This sentence highlights the responsibility parents have in the process of shaping their children's behavior and teaching them appropriate conduct.

躾 の行き届いた子供は、どこに行っても好かれる。 ・Translation: Well-mannered children are liked wherever they go. ・Explanation: This sentence shows the positive outcome of good training; a child with proper manners is likely to be well-received in social situations.

The etymology of 躾躾 is thought to derive from the verb 為（す）（な）す, *nasu*), meaning "to do" or "to perform." The character 身（み, *mi*), meaning "body" or "oneself," was combined with it to emphasize the shaping or molding of the self. The current kanji 躾 evolved to denote the broader idea of "training" or "disciplining" the person.