暦（こよみ、koyomi）
- calendar

The Japanese word 暦 こよみ (koyomi) primarily refers to a calendar. It represents a system for organizing time, typically by days, weeks, months, and years. This can include information such as dates, holidays, seasonal events, and sometimes even predictions or astrological details depending on the type of calendar. It can also refer to an almanac, which is a publication containing information about the year, including the calendar, astronomical data, weather forecasts, and other useful information. The word encompasses the physical calendar itself, as well as the concept and information it conveys.

⚫︎来年の暦 Translation: Next year's calendar. ⚫︎旧暦 Translation: The old calendar (referring to the traditional Japanese lunar calendar). ⚫︎暦をチェックする Translation: To check the calendar.

You can use 暦 in a variety of contexts related to time and schedules. ⚫︎ When discussing dates, months, or years. ⚫︎ When planning events. ⚫︎ When referring to holidays or special occasions. ⚫︎ When checking for specific dates.

⚫︎ The word 暦 is usually written in kanji. ⚫︎ The reading is こよみ (koyomi) in hiragana. ⚫︎ There are no common variations in okurigana.

⚫︎ カレンダー (karendaa) - Calendar (loanword). ⚫︎ 手帳 (techou) - Notebook/planner (often includes a calendar). ⚫︎ 月日 (tsukihi) - Days and months (can be used to refer to a calendar context).

While there isn't a direct antonym, words unrelated to time or scheduling could be considered opposites in a conceptual sense.

新しい暦には、祝日がいっぱい書いてあります。 ・Translation: The new calendar has many holidays written on it. ・Explanation: This sentence uses 暦 to describe a calendar that includes information about holidays.

来年の旅行の計画を立てるために、暦を見ています。 ・Translation: I am looking at the calendar to plan next year's trip. ・Explanation: This sentence illustrates how 暦 is used in planning and scheduling future events.

The kanji 暦 is a combination of two parts: 秝 (reki) and 秝 (kaku). The meaning of 暦 is to measure the passage of time. The etymology refers to the tracking of time, particularly concerning the sun and moon.