経過します（けいかします、keikashimasu）
- to pass (time)

The Japanese verb 経過します (けいかします) means "to pass," "to elapse," "to go by," or "to proceed." It describes the passage of time, the course of events, or the progress of something. It implies that something is moving forward in time or is continuing. The word often carries a sense of duration or the passing of a period. It emphasizes the concept of time moving forward and events unfolding. 経過します経過し is often used with a time frame.

⚫︎時間が経過します。 Translation: Time passes. ⚫︎会議は1時間経過しました。 Translation: The meeting passed an hour. ⚫︎手術後、2週間経過しました。 Translation: Two weeks have passed since the surgery.

⚫︎You can use 経過します to talk about time, such as the hours, days, or months that have passed. ⚫︎It's also used to describe the progression of an event or a process, like the stages of a project or the recovery after an illness. ⚫︎The word is polite and suitable for both formal and informal situations, though it’s used more commonly in formal or written contexts. ⚫︎It is often used when discussing events that span a certain duration.

⚫︎経過します is typically written with the kanji 経過 (けいか) followed by the polite ます-form ending します. ⚫︎経過 is the noun form, meaning "passage" or "process." ⚫︎Variations in okurigana (the suffix hiragana) depend on the verb's conjugation, for example, 経過します (to pass/is passing), 経過した (passed), or 経過しない (does not pass).

⚫︎経つ (たつ): to pass (of time) – more casual than 経過します. ⚫︎過ぎる (すぎる): to pass, to exceed – often used for exceeding a time limit or passing a point. ⚫︎進む (すすむ): to advance, to proceed – focuses more on progress.

⚫︎There is no single direct antonym for 経過します, as it describes a process. However, words like "start" or "begin" (e.g., 始まる – はじまる) could be considered opposites in the context of time. ⚫︎Also, terms denoting a stop, like 止まる (とまる), can be considered opposites in specific contexts.

試験時間はあと10分しか経過していません。 ・Translation: Only 10 minutes of the exam time has passed. ・Explanation: This sentence uses 経過していません (the negative form of 経過します) to indicate that not much time has passed yet during the exam.

事件から数年が経過し、犯人はまだ見つかっていません。 ・Translation: Several years have passed since the incident, and the criminal has still not been found. ・Explanation: This sentence emphasizes the passage of time since the incident using 経過し, highlighting the duration.

The word 経過 (けいか) is a compound word. 経 (kei) means "to go through" or "to pass through," and 過 (ka) means "to pass" or "to exceed." Thus, 経過します literally means "to go through or pass through." The ます-form ending します is a polite verb ending, making the entire verb formal.