下降します（かこうします、kakoushimasu）
- to descend

下降します, pronounced かこうします (kakou shimasu), means "to descend," "to fall," or "to go down." It describes a decrease in height, level, amount, or value. It can be used for physical descent, a decline in numbers, or a drop in prices, etc. It implies a downward movement or reduction from a higher point. This verb is a formal and polite way of saying it.

⚫︎気温が下降します。 Translation: The temperature is falling. ⚫︎株価が下降しました。 Translation: The stock price fell. ⚫︎飛行機が下降します。 Translation: The airplane is descending.

⚫︎You would use 下降します in formal or semi-formal situations. ⚫︎It's suitable for business contexts, news reports, and situations where you want to be polite. ⚫︎It is often used when discussing changes in quantity, price, or level. ⚫︎You can use the word's stem 下降 (kakou) to form a noun, meaning "descent" or "fall".

⚫︎The word is written in Kanji and Hiragana: 下降します. ⚫︎下降 (kakou) is the noun form, and します (shimasu) is the polite verb "to do." ⚫︎The okurigana (hiragana attached to the kanji) is します. ⚫︎Conjugations include: ・下降します (kakou shimasu - present polite) ・下降しました (kakou shimashita - past polite) ・下降しない (kakou shinai - present negative polite) ・下降する (kakou suru - dictionary form) ・下降した (kakou shita - past plain)

⚫︎下がる (sagaru) - to go down, to fall (more general, can be used in casual settings) ⚫︎落ちる (ochiru) - to fall, to drop (often used for physical falling or dropping) ⚫︎減る (heru) - to decrease, to diminish (used for quantity) ⚫︎低下する (teika suru) - to decline, to fall (often used for quality or performance) ⚫︎降下する (kouka suru) - to descend (more formal and often used for aircraft)

⚫︎上昇します (joushou shimasu) - to rise, to go up ⚫︎上がります (agarimasu) - to go up, to rise ⚫︎増えます (fuemasu) - to increase

会社の利益が下降し始めました。 ・Translation: The company's profits have begun to decline. ・Explanation: This sentence uses 下降します to describe the decline of the company’s profit, demonstrating the business context.

エレベーターが下降しています。 ・Translation: The elevator is descending. ・Explanation: This sentence uses 下降します to describe the movement of an elevator, illustrating a physical descent.

⚫︎The word is formed from the following: ・下 (ka) - meaning "down" or "below." ・降 (kou) - meaning "to descend" or "to fall." ・する (suru) - a verbalizing suffix meaning "to do". ⚫︎Therefore, 下降します literally means "to do descending" or "to do going down."