述べます（のべます、nobemasu）
- to state

The Japanese verb 述べます 述べます means "to state," "to express," "to mention," "to say," or "to speak." It implies a formal or polite way of communicating one's thoughts, opinions, or information. The word often suggests a more deliberate and careful form of speech than other verbs like 言います (iimasu - to say). It is often used in formal situations, such as giving a presentation, writing a report, or making an official statement. 述べます is the polite, -ます form of the verb 述べる (noberu).

⚫︎ 彼は自分の意見を述べました。 Translation: He stated his opinion. ⚫︎ 会議で新しいプロジェクトについて述べます。 Translation: I will speak about the new project at the meeting. ⚫︎ 最後に、感謝の気持ちを述べたいと思います。 Translation: Finally, I would like to express my gratitude.

⚫︎ Use 述べます 述べます in formal settings or when you want to be polite. ⚫︎ It is appropriate for speeches, presentations, official announcements, and written documents. ⚫︎ The subject is often explicitly stated, but can be implied from context. ⚫︎ Consider the politeness level and situation when choosing this verb; it is generally more formal than 言います 言います.

⚫︎ The base form of the verb is 述べる (noberu). ⚫︎ The polite form, 述べます 述べます, uses the masu-form conjugation. ⚫︎ Kanji: 述 ⚫︎ Hiragana: のべます ⚫︎ Okurigana (suffix hiragana) is always "ます" in the polite form.

⚫︎ 言います (iimasu - to say) - Less formal. ⚫︎ 話します (hanashimasu - to speak) - Less formal, focuses on the act of talking. ⚫︎ 語ります (katarimasu - to tell, to narrate) - Implies a story or narrative. ⚫︎ 説明します (setsumei shimasu - to explain) - To explain.

There isn't a direct antonym. The opposite action could be to remain silent or to withhold information, but there is no single verb equivalent to "not state."

社長は新製品の利点を詳細に述べました。 ・Translation: The president stated the advantages of the new product in detail. ・Explanation: This sentence uses 述べました 述べました to show a formal and comprehensive statement by the president.

私は自分の計画を会議で述べます。 ・Translation: I will state my plan at the meeting. ・Explanation: This is an example of using the future tense of 述べます 述べます in a formal context.

The verb 述べる (noberu) comes from the combination of the kanji 述 (jutsu), meaning "to state" or "to describe," and the verb suffix ～べる (beru). The root meaning relates to expressing or explaining something.