あらゆる（あらゆる、arayuru）
- all/every

あらゆる means "every," "all," "various," "all kinds of," or "every possible." It indicates that something encompasses the entirety of a group, a range, or a concept without exception. It emphasizes inclusiveness and comprehensiveness. It is often used to describe the extent or scope of something.

⚫︎あらゆる人 Translation: Every person / All people ⚫︎あらゆる可能性 Translation: Every possibility / All possibilities / All kinds of possibilities ⚫︎あらゆる努力 Translation: Every effort / All efforts

⚫︎ Use あらゆる when you want to emphasize that something includes everything within a specific category or scope. ⚫︎ It is typically used before a noun, indicating the scope or extent of that noun. ⚫︎ It is suitable for both formal and informal contexts. ⚫︎ Make sure the noun following あらゆる is in the singular form when referring to a general concept, though the meaning is inherently plural ("all kinds of"). However, if referring to specific items, you might use a plural noun.

⚫︎ あらゆる is typically written in hiragana. ⚫︎ Kanji is not commonly used for あらゆる. ⚫︎ There are no variations in okurigana.

⚫︎ すべての (subete no) - "all," "every" ⚫︎ 全部の (zenbu no) - "all," "the whole of" ⚫︎ 各 (kaku) - "each," "every" (often used in more formal contexts) ⚫︎ 色々な (iroiro na) - "various," "various kinds of"

⚫︎ This word doesn't have a direct antonym. You could use words like "some," or "part of," depending on the context, but there isn't one single word that is the opposite of あらゆる.

彼はあらゆる国の料理を知っています。 ・Translation: He knows cuisines from every country. ・Explanation: This sentence implies that the person knows a wide variety of cuisines, encompassing those from all countries.

あらゆる方法を試しましたが、うまくいきませんでした。 ・Translation: I tried all kinds of methods, but it didn't work. ・Explanation: This sentence describes that various attempts, without exception, were made but resulted in failure.

The etymology of あらゆる is somewhat unclear. It is thought to be derived from the verb 現る（あらわる, arawaru) meaning "to appear" or "to manifest," and the suffix ゆる（yuru) suggesting something that is "capable of" or "pertaining to." Combining these, あらゆるsuggests "all things that appear or exist." It can also be related to 有る（aru, to be/exist), emphasizing that it encompasses everything that "is".