承認（しょうにん、shounin）
- approval

The Japanese word 承認 (しょうにん) primarily means "approval," "recognition," "acknowledgment," or "sanction." It implies formally accepting something as valid, correct, or legitimate. It can refer to accepting a proposal, a request, a person's actions, or a document. It often involves a degree of formality and authority. The act of 承認 承認 often implies a process or a decision-making stage where a higher authority or someone with the power to give such 承認 承認 decides whether to accept or agree with something.

⚫︎ 彼の提案は会社に承認された。 Translation: His proposal was approved by the company. ⚫︎ 政府はその条約を承認した。 Translation: The government ratified the treaty. ⚫︎ 会議でその計画の《承認 承認を得ました。》 Translation: We received approval for the plan at the meeting.

承認 承認 is typically used in formal settings or when referring to official decisions or endorsements. It is common in business, legal contexts, and government. You would use this word when: ⚫︎ Discussing the acceptance of a plan, proposal, or application. ⚫︎ Talking about the ratification of a treaty or agreement. ⚫︎ Referring to the recognition of someone's achievements or qualifications. ⚫︎ Describing the validation of a document or statement. It is less common in everyday casual conversation unless the subject matter is quite formal or official. The level of formality should be considered when choosing to use this word.

承認 承認 is primarily written in kanji. ⚫︎ Reading: しょうにん ⚫︎ Kanji: 承認 ⚫︎ There are no common variations in the okurigana. The word usually ends with the kanji 認 (to recognize, to acknowledge).

⚫︎ 許可 (きょか) - permission, approval ⚫︎ 同意 (どうい) - agreement, consent ⚫︎ 容認 (ようにん) - acceptance, toleration ⚫︎ 許可する (きょかする) - to permit, to allow ⚫︎ 認める (みとめる) - to recognize, to acknowledge

⚫︎ 拒否 (きょひ) - rejection, refusal ⚫︎ 否認 (ひにん) - denial ⚫︎ 却下 (きゃっか) - rejection (of a proposal) ⚫︎ 拒否する (きょひする) - to reject, to refuse ⚫︎ 否認する (ひにんする) - to deny

プロジェクトの予算が上司に《承認 承認されました。》 ・Translation: The project budget was approved by my superior. ・Explanation: This sentence illustrates the formal process of getting financial permission from a superior.

その弁護士は、彼の主張が裁判所に《承認 承認されることを願った。》 ・Translation: The lawyer hoped that his claim would be accepted by the court. ・Explanation: This sentence demonstrates how 承認 承認 is used in a legal context, showing the desire for acceptance by a formal authority.

The word 承認 承認 is a compound word formed from two kanji: 承 (しょう - to receive, to accept) and 認 (にん - to recognize, to acknowledge). It directly reflects the meaning of the word - to receive and recognize, thus approving or accepting something.