以上（いじょう、ijou）
- more than/above

The Japanese word 以上 (いじょう) primarily means "or more," "above," "over," "more than," "the above-mentioned," or "that's all." It indicates a lower bound or a minimum requirement. It can also be used to conclude a list or statement, signaling "that's all" or "the end." The meaning varies slightly depending on the context. 以上 can be understood as including the specified quantity or value.

⚫︎ 年齢以上 Translation: Age [or more] ⚫︎ 10個以上のりんご Translation: 10 apples [or more] ⚫︎ ご意見は以上です。 Translation: That's all for my opinions.

⚫︎ Use 以上 when specifying a minimum quantity, amount, or value. ⚫︎ It is often used after a number or a descriptive phrase. ⚫︎ It can also be used at the end of a speech, report, or presentation to signal the conclusion. ⚫︎ You can use 以上 in formal and informal situations, but its tone may vary slightly depending on the context. ⚫︎ Often used in conjunction with other words to provide a specific meaning.

⚫︎ The word is written as 以上 (kanji). ⚫︎ The reading is いじょう (hiragana). ⚫︎ There is no variation in the okurigana (the suffix hiragana).

⚫︎ より多く (yoriyoku) - more ⚫︎ 超える (koeru) - to exceed ⚫︎ 〜から (~kara) - from (used to indicate a starting point, implying "and up") ⚫︎ 〜より (~yori) - than (used for comparison)

⚫︎ 以下 (ika) - "or less," "below," "under" ⚫︎ 未満 (miman) - "less than"

この本は1000円以上です。 ・Translation: This book is 1000 yen [or more]. ・Explanation: This sentence indicates that the price of the book is at least 1000 yen.

試験時間は2時間以上です。 ・Translation: The exam time is 2 hours [or more]. ・Explanation: This means the exam will last a minimum of two hours.

The kanji 以 means "by means of," "because of," or "from." The kanji 上 means "above," "up," or "on." Therefore, 以上 literally implies "from above" or "more than," reflecting its meaning of exceeding a certain point or value.