要ります（いります、irimasu）
- to need

The Japanese word 要ります 要ります means "to need," "to require," or "to be necessary." It expresses the idea that something is essential or that something is needed in a particular situation. It's a versatile verb and is commonly used in everyday conversation. It often implies a practical need rather than a strong desire. The subject of 要ります 要ります is usually the thing that is needed.

⚫︎お金が要ります。 Translation: I need money. ⚫︎パスポートが要りますか？ Translation: Do you need a passport? ⚫︎もっと勉強が要ります。 Translation: I need to study more.

⚫︎ 要ります 要ります is used to express the need for something. The thing that is needed is typically marked with the particle が or は. ⚫︎ It can be used in both formal and informal situations, though the level of politeness can be adjusted through the use of different verb conjugations. For example, the polite form is 要ります 要ります, while the casual form can be いる. ⚫︎ Often used with nouns to indicate what one needs.

⚫︎ The word is typically written as 要ります 要ります. ⚫︎ The kanji is 要, and the hiragana suffix is ります. ⚫︎ 要 means "to need," "essential," or "important." ⚫︎ The okurigana is ります, which is the standard.

⚫︎ 必要です (hitsuyou desu) - "It is necessary." (more formal) ⚫︎ 必要だ (hitsuyou da) - "It is necessary." (less formal) ⚫︎ いる (iru) - "to need" (casual form of 要ります 要ります)

There is no direct antonym, but you could express the opposite idea with phrases like: ⚫︎ 必要ないです (hitsuyou nai desu) - "It is not necessary." ⚫︎ いりません (irimasen) - "I don't need." (negative form of 要ります 要ります)

この本が要りますか？ ・Translation: Do you need this book? ・Explanation: This sentence directly asks if the person needs the book, using the verb 要ります 要ります.

新しいパソコンが要りますか？ ・Translation: Do you need a new computer? ・Explanation: This sentence inquires about the need for a new computer. 要り is used as a stem for ますか, which is a question form.

The kanji 要 itself suggests the meaning of "essential" or "necessary." The word stems from classical Japanese, where similar expressions of need were used. The addition of the auxiliary verb ます to create 要ります adds politeness.