朝ごはん抜きで学校へ走りました。
- I ran to school without breakfast.

朝ごはん抜きで学校へ走りました。 meaning: I ran to school without eating breakfast.

⚫︎ The sentence follows a typical Japanese sentence structure: Subject (implied), Time/Circumstance + Object + Verb. ⚫︎ The core of the sentence is the verb 走りました (hashirimasu), meaning "ran." ⚫︎ The phrase 朝ごはん抜きで (asagohan nuki de)functions as an adverbial phrase, modifying the verb, and indicating *how* the action of running was performed. ⚫︎ The particle で (de) is a versatile particle, and in this sentence, it indicates the *means* or *method* by which something is done, or the *reason/cause* for something. It can often be translated as "by," "with," "because of," or "in." ⚫︎ In this case, 抜きで (nuki de) means "without," or "leaving out." ⚫︎ 朝ごはん抜きで means "without breakfast," or "skipping breakfast."

⚫︎ The verb 走りました (hashirimasu) is in the past tense. ⚫︎ The dictionary form of the verb is 走る (hashiru), meaning "to run." ⚫︎ To make the verb past tense (formal), you change the ます (masu) ending to ました (mashita). ⚫︎ So, 走ります (hashirimasu) changes to 走りました (hashirimasu). ⚫︎ This indicates that the action of running happened in the past.

⚫︎ The particle へ (e) in 学校へ (gakkou e) is a directional particle, indicating movement *towards* a place. ⚫︎ It is used with verbs of motion, such as 走りました (hashirimasu). ⚫︎ It is often translated as "to" or "toward." ⚫︎ While に (ni) can also indicate direction, へ (e) emphasizes the direction of movement.

⚫︎ 抜きで (nuki de) is a fixed expression meaning "without," "leaving out," or "excluding." ⚫︎ It is formed from the verb 抜く (nuku), meaning "to extract" or "to omit," in its stem form 抜き (nuki), and then combined with the particle で (de). ⚫︎ It always comes after the thing that is being omitted or excluded. ⚫︎ Example: 砂糖抜きでコーヒーをください。(Satou nuki de koohii o kudasai.) - Please give me coffee without sugar.

⚫︎ The phrase 朝ごはん抜きで (asagohan nuki de) functions as an adverbial phrase. ⚫︎ Adverbial phrases modify verbs, providing additional information about how, when, where, why, or under what circumstances the action of the verb takes place. ⚫︎ In this sentence, it describes the manner in which the person ran. ⚫︎ Recognizing adverbial phrases is key to understanding the nuances of Japanese sentences.