弟がここまで走ってきました。
- My younger brother ran all the way here.

弟がここまで走ってきました。 meaning: My younger brother ran here.

⚫︎ The sentence follows the typical Japanese sentence structure: Subject-Object-Verb, although the object is often omitted if it's clear from the context. ⚫︎ The subject is marked by the particle が (*ga*). In this case, 弟 (*otouto*, younger brother) is the subject. ⚫︎ The particle が (*ga*) indicates the subject of the sentence.

⚫︎ まで (*made*) means "until" or "to" and indicates a point in space or time. ⚫︎ In this sentence, まで (*made*) modifies ここ (*koko*, here), indicating the extent of the action. ⚫︎ In this case, ここ (*koko*, here) + まで (*made*) means "up to here" or "as far as here".

⚫︎ The verb is 走る (*hashiru*, to run). ⚫︎ The -て form (te-form) of 走る (*hashiru*) is 走って (*hashitte*). ⚫︎ The auxiliary verb くる (*kuru*, to come) is combined with the -te form. くる (*kuru*) becomes きました (*kimashita*), which is the past tense polite form. ⚫︎ 走ってきました (*hashitte kimashita*) indicates an action that started in the past and continues to have relevance in the present (perfective aspect), or an action that has just been completed. The meaning of "came running" is also possible here, emphasizing the manner of arriving.

⚫︎ Although not directly present in this sentence, it's worth noting the use of the particle に (*ni*). ⚫︎ に (*ni*) can indicate the destination of movement. For example, if the sentence were, "He ran to the park," it might be: 公園に走りました (*kouen ni hashirimashita*).

⚫︎ The ending ました (*mashita*) is the polite past tense form of verbs. ⚫︎ It makes the sentence more polite and suitable for most everyday situations. ⚫︎ ました (*mashita*) is added to the stem of the verb to indicate politeness and past tense.