The kanji 悩 (悩) primarily conveys the meaning of "worry," "anguish," "trouble," or "to be distressed." It reflects a state of mental burden, concern, or inner conflict. It implies a sense of emotional turmoil and mental unrest.

・On-yomi (音読み): ノウ (nou) ・Kun-yomi (訓読み): 悩悩む (nayamu) - to be worried, to suffer, to be troubled

⚫︎ 悩み Translation: worry; trouble; distress; agony ⚫︎ 悩む Translation: to worry; to be troubled; to be concerned; to suffer; to be in distress ⚫︎ 苦悩 Translation: suffering; anguish; distress; torment

The kanji 悩 (悩) is a phono-semantic compound (形声文字, keisei moji). The character is composed of two parts: ⚫︎ The semantic component on the left side, 忄 (りっしんべん, risshinben), which is a simplified form of 心 (こころ, kokoro), meaning "heart" or "mind," indicating that the character relates to emotions and mental states. ⚫︎ The phonetic component on the right side, 脳 (nou), which suggests the pronunciation ノウ (nou). The 脳 itself means "brain," indicating the location where the mind and emotions are processed. Therefore, 悩 reflects the idea of "trouble" or "worry" arising from the heart/mind.