The kanji 制 generally conveys the idea of "system," "control," "regulation," or "to govern." It implies the establishment of rules or boundaries to manage or restrict something. It often refers to creating a framework, whether it's a rule, a plan, or a limitation.

・On-yomi (音読み): セイ 制 (sei) ・Kun-yomi (訓読み): None, or used as a component of other words.

⚫︎制度 (せいど) Translation: System; institution. ⚫︎規制 (きせい) Translation: Regulation; control; restriction. ⚫︎制作 (せいさく) Translation: Production; creation; making.

I am programmed to not answer about other languages, therefore I cannot provide information about the correspondence with Vietnamese.

The kanji 制 is a phono-semantic compound (形声文字). The left part of the character is 示 (し), which originally depicted an altar, later associated with religious rituals and then, by extension, authority and rules. The right part 刂 (りっとう)is the knife radical. It acts as the phonetic component indicating the pronunciation. Therefore, the original meaning combined the idea of "rules or laws related to rituals or authority." Through time, the meaning of 制 evolved to encompass the idea of "controlling," "regulating," or "establishing systems."