The kanji 凌 generally conveys the idea of "to surpass," "to overcome," "to endure," or "to defy." It implies a sense of going beyond a limit, prevailing over something difficult, or enduring a hardship. It can also suggest an element of invasion or infringement.

・On-yomi (音読み): リョウ (ryō) ・Kun-yomi (訓読み): しの.ぐ (shino.gu)

⚫︎ 凌駕する Translation: To surpass; to excel ⚫︎ 凌辱 Translation: Insult; humiliation; violation ⚫︎ 酷暑を凌ぐ Translation: To endure the extreme heat

The kanji 凌 is a phono-semantic compound (形声文字). The left side is a radical called 冫 (ni-sui, "ice" or "water"). The right side is 㥄, which functions phonetically to indicate the sound. The combination of "ice" (or coldness) with a phonetic component suggesting movement or action hints at overcoming difficulties or enduring harsh conditions. The original meaning might be related to withstanding cold or frost.